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石雕狮子历史起源
石雕狮子历史起源
The historical origin of stone carving Lions
中国人历来把石雕狮子视为吉祥之物,在中国众多的园林名胜中,各种造型的石狮子随处可见。古代的官衙庙堂、豪门巨宅大门前，都摆放一对石狮子用以镇宅护卫直到现代，许多建筑物大门前，还有这种安放石狮子镇宅护院的遗风不泯。那么，用石狮子把大门的这种习俗是如何形成的，起源于何时呢？
Chinese people have always regarded stone lions as auspicious things, and stone lions of various shapes can be seen everywhere in China's numerous gardens. Before the ancient official yamen temple and the grand gate of the grand house, a pair of stone lions were placed in order to protect the house and guard the house. Then, how did this custom come into being with stone lions, and when did it originate?
这种习俗大约形成于唐宋之后。据程张先生《元代石狮趣谈》（见《文史知识》1998年第9期）考证：唐朝京城的居民多居住于“坊”中，这是一种由政府划定的有围墙、有坊门便于防火防盗的住宅区，其坊门多制成牌楼式，上面写着坊名字。在每根坊柱的柱脚上都夹放着一对大石块，以防风抗震。工匠们在大石块上雕刻出狮子、麒麟、海兽等动物，既美观又取其纳福招瑞吉祥寓意，这是用石狮子等瑞兽来护卫大门的雏形。宋元以来，坊退出了历史舞台，一些有钱人家为了张扬自家的声势，便把原来坊门的样式简化，改造为门楼，仿象原来坊门所用的夹柱石那样，将石狮等瑞兽雕刻在柱石上，此风被保留下来相沿成习。刻录元代地方风俗的《析津志辑佚.风俗》一文中对这一习俗有着明确的记载：“都中显宦硕税之家，解库门首，多以生铁铸狮子，左右门外连座，或以白石民，亦如上放顿。”这是关于我国看门石狮出现时间的最早也是最详细确凿的记录。可以认定，元代是我国看门石狮由宫廷走向民间的肇始。我们看到的看门石狮多蹲在一块大石雕成的台座上，这明显是由原来的夹柱石演变而来的遗迹。
This custom was formed after the Tang and Song dynasties. According to Cheng Zhang's "the stone lion of the Yuan Dynasty" (Ninth period of 1998), the residents of the Beijing city of the Tang Dynasty lived in the "Fang". This is a residential area with a fence and a house which is easily fireproof and burglarproof by the government. A pair of large stones are placed on each column's foot to prevent wind and shock. The craftsmen engraved lions, kylin, and sea beasts on the big stones. They were both beautiful and lucky to take the auspicious meaning of the lions. This was the embryonic form of the stone lions and other animals to guard the gate. Since the song and Yuan Dynasties, the workshop has withdrawn from the historical stage. Some rich people have simplified the style of the original house door in order to carry out his own voice. The custom of analyzing the local customs of the Yuan Dynasty has a clear record of this custom in the article: "the family of the officials of the officials, the gate of the library, the lion, the left and right doors, or Bai Shimin," This is the earliest and most detailed record of the appearance time of the stone lions in China. It can be concluded that the Yuan Dynasty was the beginning of our country's courting stone lions moving from the court to the people. The stone lions we saw were crouched on the pedestal of a big stone carved stone, which is evidently evolved from the original stone pillars.
The historical origin of stone carving Lions
中国人历来把石雕狮子视为吉祥之物,在中国众多的园林名胜中,各种造型的石狮子随处可见。古代的官衙庙堂、豪门巨宅大门前，都摆放一对石狮子用以镇宅护卫直到现代，许多建筑物大门前，还有这种安放石狮子镇宅护院的遗风不泯。那么，用石狮子把大门的这种习俗是如何形成的，起源于何时呢？
Chinese people have always regarded stone lions as auspicious things, and stone lions of various shapes can be seen everywhere in China's numerous gardens. Before the ancient official yamen temple and the grand gate of the grand house, a pair of stone lions were placed in order to protect the house and guard the house. Then, how did this custom come into being with stone lions, and when did it originate?
这种习俗大约形成于唐宋之后。据程张先生《元代石狮趣谈》（见《文史知识》1998年第9期）考证：唐朝京城的居民多居住于“坊”中，这是一种由政府划定的有围墙、有坊门便于防火防盗的住宅区，其坊门多制成牌楼式，上面写着坊名字。在每根坊柱的柱脚上都夹放着一对大石块，以防风抗震。工匠们在大石块上雕刻出狮子、麒麟、海兽等动物，既美观又取其纳福招瑞吉祥寓意，这是用石狮子等瑞兽来护卫大门的雏形。宋元以来，坊退出了历史舞台，一些有钱人家为了张扬自家的声势，便把原来坊门的样式简化，改造为门楼，仿象原来坊门所用的夹柱石那样，将石狮等瑞兽雕刻在柱石上，此风被保留下来相沿成习。刻录元代地方风俗的《析津志辑佚.风俗》一文中对这一习俗有着明确的记载：“都中显宦硕税之家，解库门首，多以生铁铸狮子，左右门外连座，或以白石民，亦如上放顿。”这是关于我国看门石狮出现时间的最早也是最详细确凿的记录。可以认定，元代是我国看门石狮由宫廷走向民间的肇始。我们看到的看门石狮多蹲在一块大石雕成的台座上，这明显是由原来的夹柱石演变而来的遗迹。
This custom was formed after the Tang and Song dynasties. According to Cheng Zhang's "the stone lion of the Yuan Dynasty" (Ninth period of 1998), the residents of the Beijing city of the Tang Dynasty lived in the "Fang". This is a residential area with a fence and a house which is easily fireproof and burglarproof by the government. A pair of large stones are placed on each column's foot to prevent wind and shock. The craftsmen engraved lions, kylin, and sea beasts on the big stones. They were both beautiful and lucky to take the auspicious meaning of the lions. This was the embryonic form of the stone lions and other animals to guard the gate. Since the song and Yuan Dynasties, the workshop has withdrawn from the historical stage. Some rich people have simplified the style of the original house door in order to carry out his own voice. The custom of analyzing the local customs of the Yuan Dynasty has a clear record of this custom in the article: "the family of the officials of the officials, the gate of the library, the lion, the left and right doors, or Bai Shimin," This is the earliest and most detailed record of the appearance time of the stone lions in China. It can be concluded that the Yuan Dynasty was the beginning of our country's courting stone lions moving from the court to the people. The stone lions we saw were crouched on the pedestal of a big stone carved stone, which is evidently evolved from the original stone pillars.
