佛像泥塑方法
Buddha clay sculpture method
泥塑的制作方法大致分二种：一种是近代从西欧传入的雕塑的制作方法；另一种采用我国传统泥塑制作方法。
There are two methods of making clay sculpture: one is the method of making modern sculpture from Western Europe; the other is the traditional method of making clay sculpture in China.
从西欧传入雕塑的制作方法是：先要有一个雕塑铁架子，架子根据塑像的姿态、形体的比例大小，而决定内部骨架的形状；在骨架四周扎上若干小十字架，它的作用是将泥巴相联成为一个整体，不至于塌落，便于塑造。架子做好后，根据预先做好的泥巴构图进行放大塑造。圆雕是立体的，要有一个整体观念。先把四面的泥堆好，由简而繁，逐步深入。第一步要注意每个角度的整体效果。第二步要分析形体结构是否准确，整体与局部的关系是否统一和谐。第三步着重形象的细致刻画，直到完成。泥塑因受气候影响易裂变形，难以永久保存，故泥塑完成后一般要翻成石膏像。就成为一件作品。现在我们接触到的雕塑作品，大都是石膏做成的，往往喷上各种颜色，使它产生青铜、木材、石头等等的质感。
The method of making sculpture introduced from Western Europe is to have a sculptural iron frame, which determines the shape of the internal skeleton according to the posture of the statue and the proportion of the statue; and to tie a number of small cross around the skeleton, its function is to connect the mud into a whole, so as not to collapse and facilitate the molding. After the shelves are finished, enlarge and shape according to the pre made mud composition. The circular carving is three-dimensional, and we must have a holistic concept. First pile up the four sides of the mud and gradually deepen it from simple to complex. The first step is to pay attention to the overall effect of each angle. The second step is to analyze whether the structure of the body is accurate and whether the relationship between the whole and the part is unified and harmonious. The third step is to focus on image meticulous depiction until completion. Because clay sculpture is easily cracked and deformed by climate, it is difficult to be preserved permanently. Therefore, after clay sculpture is finished, it is usually turned into a gypsum statue. It becomes a work. Most of the sculptures we come into contact with now are made of gypsum, often sprayed with various colors to give it a sense of bronze, wood, stone and so on.
我国传统的泥塑制作方法则不同。在我国的寺庙里，许多神佛的塑像金碧辉煌，如果打碎一看，原来是一堆木材、泥团、棉花、断麻、沙子、稻草、麦秸、苇秸、谷糠、元钉等等东西。它的制作程序大体是这样的：第一步，根据神佛的题材、大小、动态、先搭好木制骨架，在骨架上捆上稻草或麦秸以增大体积，再用谷壳和稻草泥拌好的粗泥在骨架上用力压紧、糊牢；第二步，等粗泥干到七成的样子再加细泥（细泥用粘土、沙子、棉花等混合而成），把人物的神态充分刻画出来；第三步，等泥塑全干透后产生大小许多裂缝，再加以修补；第四步，等泥巴干透后，把表面打磨光洁，然后用胶水裱上一层棉纸，并加以压磨，使表面一层更平正、细致、坚固，再涂上一层白粉（白粉加胶水）；第五步是在白色的形体上，根据人物的需要上各种颜色，待全部颜色上好后，再涂上一层油，以保护彩色的鲜艳，到此就全部完成了。
The traditional methods of making clay sculptures in China are different. In our country's temples, many statues of gods and Buddhas are brilliant, if broken, it is a pile of wood, mud, cotton, hemp, sand, straw, wheat straw, reed straw, chaff, yuan nail and so on. Its production process is roughly like this: the first step, according to the Buddha's theme, size, dynamics, first build a good wooden skeleton, straw or wheat straw on the skeleton to increase the volume, and then use the husk and straw mud mixed with coarse mud on the skeleton of the force of compression, paste firmly; the second step, such as coarse mud dry to 70% of the shape and then fine mud. (Mixed clay, sand, cotton, etc.), the figure's look is fully portrayed; the third step, when the clay is completely dry, many cracks of different sizes are created and repaired; the fourth step, after the mud is dried through, the surface is polished and cleaned, then glued with a layer of cotton paper, and pressed to make the surface one. The fifth step is to coat the white body with various colors according to the needs of the characters. After all the colors are finished, a layer of oil is applied to protect the brightness of the colors, and all of them are finished.